According to the latest estimates, 15–20% of the world’s population has some form of neurodivergence. Using the term neurodivergent allows us to discuss differences in how the brain works without treating them as disabilities.
It’s similar to the term neurodiversity, which refers to the wide range of ways people think and process information. This article explores the concept of neurodivergence and the symptoms associated with various neurodivergent conditions.
Origin of the Concept of Neurodiversity
Judy Singer, a sociologist and activist, introduced the term in 1998 as a synonym for “neurological biodiversity.” An estimated 15–20% of people have different neurological development from the general population and are referred to as neurodivergent. Those with typical development are called neurotypical.
Neurodiversity is a biological fact that reflects the infinite variety of neurocognitive functioning. Curious about your own traits? Take the neurodivergent quiz. Remember, “neurodivergent” isn’t a diagnosis—it describes a group trait. Both neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals enrich human diversity.
Neurodivergence includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, anxiety disorders, and more. The term “conditions” is often preferred over “disorders.” For example, ASD is increasingly referred to as a “condition of autism.”
Types of Neurodivergence
- Autism: Affects communication, interaction, and sensory processing
- ADHD: Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
- Tourette Syndrome: Involuntary tics and vocalizations
- Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading and language
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty with math and number processing
Symptoms and Traits of Neurodivergence
People who are neurodivergent may display:
- Social differences: Trouble maintaining eye contact or reading body language
- Speech differences: Repeating words, stuttering
- Cognitive differences: Memory issues, inflexible thinking
- Physical behaviors: Tics, rocking, repetitive movements
- Sensory sensitivity: Reactivity to sound, light, temperature, and crowds
Tools like educational toys for ADHD children can help improve focus and flexibility.
Positive Traits of Neurodivergence
- Innovative thinking
- Deep focus and pattern recognition
- Strong observational skills
- Talents in art, music, science, and technology
Causes of Neurodivergence
Neurodiversity arises from natural variation in brain development. Genetics and environment shape our brains differently, not pathologically.
According to the CDC, contributing factors may include:
- Genetics
- Childbirth complications
- Physical/emotional trauma
- Frequent infections
- Family history
- Low birth weight
- Prenatal chemical exposure
- Head trauma
Can Neurodivergence Be Diagnosed?
If you suspect neurodivergence in yourself or your child, consult a healthcare provider. They may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation.
For example, if you're wondering anxiety neurodivergent?, a mental health provider can assess and advise. Diagnoses often involve symptom checklists and behavioral assessments.
Treatment Options
Treatment for neurodivergence is not necessary. However, if a person has a neurodivergent condition that may be affecting their daily life or functioning, they may want to consider treatment.
The goal of treatment is to learn skills that will help them manage their symptoms and improve their functioning. There is no one right treatment for neurodivergence. Symptoms and traits can vary greatly, and the treatment plan will be unique to a person’s individual needs.
The treatment plan may focus on making the most of the person’s strengths and abilities. For instance, many neurodivergent people thrive in a structured environment with daily routines and set schedules. This helps them feel in control. If the cause of your neurodivergence is a condition such as autism or ADHD, early intervention usually produces the best results.
Possible treatment options for neurodivergent people include:
● Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may help people identify and change negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors into more positive ones.
● Social Skills Training teaches social and communication skills to improve interactions with others.
● Physical Therapy (PT) can help to cope with difficulties associated with fine and gross motor skills through methods such as physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech therapy.
While the conditions that cause neurodivergence may lead to some limitations, it is important to remember that it is possible to live well with neurodivergence by focusing on one’s strengths.
